Exploring the Potential of Pearl Culture in the Coastal Waters of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka: A Research Initiative with Economic and Environmental Benefits
Sri Lanka, historically known as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean,” has been renowned for its rich marine resources, particularly its natural pearl fisheries. The Gulf of Mannar, located between Sri Lanka and India, was once one of the world’s most abundant sources of natural pearls, flourishing for over two millennia. Ancient records and archaeological findings suggest that pearl fishing in Sri Lanka dates back more than 3,500 years, with Sri Lankan pearls being highly sought after in European, Middle Eastern, and Asian markets. The northwestern sea of the country possesses a highly favorable environment for pearl culture, with its warm tropical waters, ideal salinity levels, and extensive coastal and marine ecosystems that support pearl-producing oysters, particularly from the Pinctada genus (Pinctada radiata and Pinctada fucata).
The pearl industry played a significant role in the island’s economy, contributing substantial revenue during colonial rule, particularly under the Dutch and British administrations. Between 1828 and 1837 alone, the British credited £227,131 to the Ceylon Treasury from pearl fisheries, highlighting its economic importance at the time. According to this historical information, economically, pearl culture has the potential to become a high-value industry in Sri Lanka, creating new income streams through export markets, job opportunities for coastal communities, and integration with the jewellery and tourism industries.
Objectives
Phase-1
- Study the History and Establishment of Pearl Farming – Analyze the historical background and ongoing research for the development of pearl farming in Sri Lanka.
- Evaluate Environmental Conditions of the Newel location– Examine water quality, temperature, salinity, and other factors necessary for successful pearl farming.
- Develop a Safe and Effective Transportation Method for Pearl Oysters-Relocating identified oyster species from Shila-Wathura, Mannar, to the newly identified coastal area while ensuring minimal stress and high survival rates during transportation.
- Conduct Sample Evaluation – Analyze collected oyster samples to assess their growth potential and pearl quality.
- Assess Community Knowledge and Willingness – Survey local communities to understand their awareness, interest, and readiness to participate in pearl farming.
- Identify Constraints for Pearl Culturing – Investigate challenges such as technical, environmental, and policy-related limitations affecting pearl farming in Sri Lanka.
Phase-2
- Identify Potential Investors – Attract and engage local and international investors to support the development of commercial pearl farming.
- Increase Pearl Yield – Implement improved farming techniques and sustainable practices to enhance pearl production efficiency.
- Commercialize Pearl Culture – Develop strategies for marketing, branding, and selling Sri Lankan pearls in local and global markets.
- Monitor and Evaluate Pearl Farming Practices – Establish a continuous monitoring system to assess farming performance, environmental impact, and sustainability.
- Provide a Guiding Plan for Industry Development – Develop a structured roadmap for the growth and expansion of the pearl farming industry in Sri Lanka.
- Enhance Economic Benefits – Promote pearl farming as a profitable industry to boost local livelihoods and contribute to national economic growth.
